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2026

Time-Integrated Holography Based on Intelligent Metasurfaces

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The team of Xudong Bai, Fuli Zhang, and Zhenfei Li at Northwestern Polytechnical University has proposed a holographic imaging scheme based on time-integrated holography (TIH). This approach employs a 16×16 radial metasurface controlled by an FPGA equipped with embedded PIN diodes, eliminating the need for external power supply. The FPGA is programmed to generate discrete phase distributions, thereby dynamically steering the holographic focal points. Through temporal integration, these focal points accumulate into a 5×5 focal array, serving as the basis for reconstructing arbitrary images. The scheme can flexibly generate a wide range of visual symbols on demand, including all letters, numbers, and symbols from a standard keyboard, thus meeting the requirements of complex visual patterns and facilitating information transmission by compactly encoding data into custom spatial distributions. By obviating the need to precompute large‑area phase profiles, this method simplifies system design and enhances flexibility. Simulation and experimental results show excellent agreement, demonstrating high‑fidelity image reconstruction with minimal crosstalk. In summary, the authors’ proposed strategy offers a cost‑effective and scalable solution for applications such as intelligent sensing, next‑generation wireless communications, and secure information encryption.

The research findings were published in Photonics Research on April 30, 2026, under the title “Temporal Integral Holography with an Intelligent Metasurface.”