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2026

Direct All-Electrolytic Encoding of On-Chip Vectorial Vortex Beams

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The teams of Qian Wang at the Agency for Science, Technology and Research in Singapore and Qi Jie Wang at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore have demonstrated an on-chip all‑electrical detection platform capable of simultaneously resolving both the orbital angular momentum (OAM) order and the polarization state of incident vector vortex beams. This functionality is achieved by coupling van der Waals layered thermoelectric materials with a phase‑gradient metagrating, which spatially maps OAM and polarization information onto the surface plasmon polariton intensity distribution, thereby inducing directionally modulated photothermal‑thermoelectric responses. Leveraging these unique optical responses, the authors demonstrate a proof‑of‑concept two‑dimensional encrypted optical communication protocol. Their platform establishes a scalable approach to high‑dimensional light‑field detection and lays the groundwork for advanced optoelectronic systems spanning secure communications, quantum information, optical manipulation, and high‑resolution imaging.

The research findings were published in Science Advances on June 17, 2026, under the title “Direct all-electrical decoding of vector vortex beams on chip.”