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Pan Jianwei's team realized the fractional quantum anomalous Hall state of photons for the first time in the world.

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On May 6, the Chinese Academy of Sciences held a press conference in Beijing. Using the "bottom-up" quantum simulation method, the team of Academician Pan Jianwei of the University of Science and Technology of China realized the fractional quantum anomalous Hall state of photons for the first time in the world. This is an important development in the field of quantum physics and quantum information science. The results were published online in the journal Science.

The Hall effect means that when a current passes through a material placed in a magnetic field, electrons are subjected to Lorentz force, which generates a voltage perpendicular to the direction of the current and the magnetic field inside the material. This effect was discovered by American scientist Hall in 1879 and is widely used in the field of electromagnetic sensing. The anomalous Hall effect refers to the correlation effect observed in the absence of an external magnetic field.

Schematic diagram of results

In traditional quantum Hall effect research, a "top-down" approach is used, which usually means that researchers start from existing materials and use the inherent structure and properties of these materials to achieve quantum Hall states. This method requires specific conditions, such as extremely low temperature environment, high purity two-dimensional materials and strong magnetic field, which are often difficult to meet and limit the control and operation of the experiment.

In contrast, the artificially constructed quantum system has a clear structure, flexibility and controllability, and is a new paradigm for studying complex quantum states from the bottom up. "The advantage of this method is that it provides greater flexibility and controllability, and researchers can precisely control each component to better understand and manipulate quantum systems." Lu Chaoyang, co-author of the paper and professor at the University of Science and Technology of China, said that this type of technology is called quantum simulation and is an important part of the "second quantum revolution". It is expected to be applied to simulate quantum systems with difficult classical calculations in the near future and achieve "Quantum computing superiority".

"Generally speaking, if the quantum Hall effect is compared to a house, the 'top-down' method is like decorating and transforming the existing house, while the 'bottom-up 'method is to rebuild a house completely according to the design drawings, starting with a brick and a tile." Lu Chaoyang said vividly.

An artificial gauge field is constructed in a nonlinear photonic system to realize fractional quantum Hall states of photons.

This time, the research team successfully realized the nonlinear interaction between photons by using a new type of superconducting qubit Plasmonium developed independently, and further constructed the equivalent magnetic field acting on the photon to construct the artificial gauge field, thus realizing the fractional quantum anomalous Hall state of the photon for the first time in the world.

Frank Wilczek, a Nobel laureate in physics, spoke highly of the research. He said: "This 'bottom-to-bottom' approach is a 'very promising idea'. It is an impressive experiment and an important step for quantum information processing based on arbitrons."

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