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2026

Progress has been made in the research of large-area copper–zinc–tin–sulfur–selenium thin-film photovoltaic modules.

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Copper zinc tin sulfide selenide (CZTSSe) is a novel thin‑film photovoltaic material that, owing to its low cost, abundant resources, and excellent chemical stability, is regarded as a promising candidate for next‑generation sustainable photovoltaic technologies. However, during the low‑cost solution‑based fabrication of CZTSSe films, the complex metal–organic coordination structures in the precursor often lead to uneven solvent evaporation, nonuniform elemental distribution, and irregular film crystallization, resulting in degraded film quality over large areas. Consequently, controlling the chemical environment of the precursor at the molecular level to achieve uniform, stable deposition of large‑area films is a critical challenge for advancing the scalable deployment of CZTSSe technology.

Recently, a team from the Institute of Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences has made significant progress in developing CZTSSe thin‑film photovoltaic modules. The team proposed a precursor engineering strategy based on molecular coordination control; by introducing formamide as a coordinating agent, they achieved precise regulation of metal ion–organic molecule coordination structures, thereby addressing the issue of complex crosslinking networks that arise between metal ions and organic molecules in conventional systems. Building on this approach, the team developed a solution‑based blade‑coating technique suitable for large‑area device fabrication, enabling the high‑uniformity preparation of CZTSSe thin films with an active area of 10 cm².

Based on this system, the team fabricated a 1 cm² CZTSSe solar cell with a certified power conversion efficiency of 14.2%; furthermore, by employing laser scribing, they developed a 10.5 cm² six‑cell series‑connected module achieving a certified efficiency of 13.0%, setting a new world record for CZTSSe module efficiency.

The relevant research findings have been published online in Nature Materials. This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and related projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.