Chongfan Technology
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04
2024
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11
More is Less: Implications of Quantum States for Classical Light Squusing
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“Less is more"(Less is more) is an idiom in English culture that means the road to simplicity, and simplification of things can bring greater meaning. Recently, researchers have extracted the concept of "more is less" from the quantum squeezed state, which is used to guide the regulation of the classical light field, and has made a breakthrough.
The results of this research are based on"Structured light analogy of quantum squeezed statesPublished online inLight: Science & ApplicationsJournal. The corresponding author is Department of Precision Instruments, National Key Laboratory of Spatio-temporal Information Precision Sensing Technology, Key Laboratory of Photon Measurement and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University.Associate Professor Fu Xing,Professor Liu Qiang, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeAssistant Professor Shen YijieThe first author is Tsinghua University.Dr. Wang Chaoyang. The work was supported by the Beijing Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars and the Singapore National Research Fund.
The theoretical model of the classical squeezed state light field: mathematically, the quantum squeezed state can be expressed as a superposition of a series of number states, and the goal of reducing the noise level is achieved by superimposing the number states on the vacuum state. This counterintuitive "more is less" process is likeFigure 1ashown. The figure depicts the probability distribution of quantum states in phase space, and it can be seen that the probability distribution of quantum squeezed states in phase space along the vertical direction decreases at the expense of the probability distribution along the horizontal direction. In this innovative work, the researchers use the eigenmode of classical structured light to carry out the analogy of quantum number states, that is, the classical squeezed state light field can be represented as a superposition of a series of eigenmodes, and by superimposing the eigenmode on the Gaussian base mode, the "more is less" spot "compression" effect is achieved. SuchFigure 1bCompared with the intensity distribution of the Gaussian fundamental mode, the cross section of the classical squeezed state light field shows a beam size compression along the vertical direction, at the expense of a larger beam size along the horizontal direction. It can be seen that the intensity distribution of the classical squeezed state structure light is highly similar to the phase space probability distribution of the quantum squeezed state.
Generation and detection method of classical squeezed state light field: compared with the generation and detection technology of quantum squeezed state, this work puts forward the customization and detection method of classical squeezed state light field. Quantum squeezed states are generally generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes in nonlinear crystals (Figure 2a), and in the generation device of classical squeezed state structured light, the spatial light modulator replaces the nonlinear crystal (Figure 2b). During the detection of quantum squeezed states, beam splitters and photon counters are used to measure the number of photons (Figure 2c); In contrast, the classical compressed state structured light uses a spatial light modulator and a camera for modal spectrum measurement. The detection results show that the modal spectrum of the classical squeezed state structure light is highly similar to the photon number correlation of the quantum squeezed state.
Tunable super-oscillation structure: suchFigure 3As shown, under tight focusing conditions, the full width at half maximum of the spot of classical squeezed structured light can be compressed from 1.27λ to 0.87 λ, which is close to the optical diffraction limit. The full width at half maximum of its local wave vector can be compressed from λ/10 to λ/100 (λ is the wavelength), which greatly exceeds the optical diffraction limit and provides a breakthrough tool for applications such as precision measurement and super-resolution imaging.
In this work, the classical light analogy of quantum squeezed state is proposed for the first time, the theoretical model of the classical squeezed state light field is constructed, the customization and detection method of the new light field is proposed, and the tunable super-oscillation structure of the classical squeezed state light field under the condition of tight focus is further revealed, which shows the great application potential of the new light field in the fields of precision measurement and super-resolution imaging. In this work, the Hermite-Gaussian model is used to construct the classical squeezed state light field, and other structured light models (such as Laguerre-Gaussian model, Enz-Gaussian model, Bessel-Gaussian model, etc.) can be used in the future to explore more abundant quantum-classical analogy phenomena.
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