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2024

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09

The Wang Jinjun team at Southwest University reveals the important role of microRNA in maintaining trophic homeostasis in symbiont-host interactions!

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Endosymbionts provide the host with essential nutrients to promote its growth, development and reproduction. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms by which endosymbionts transport nutrients to the host are not fully understood.

On August 28, 2024, the Wang Jinjun team of Southwest University was inPNASPublished online entitled“MicroRNA maintain nutrient homeostasis in the symbiont-host interaction”The studyThesis,The studyA bacterial cell-distributed MRP4 gene (multidrug resistance-associated protein 4) was found to be negatively regulated by host (aphid)-specific microRNA(miR-3024).

The study revealed that the miR-3024/MRP4 axis is controlled by endosymbionts (Serratiagenus) produced by VB6 to the host. miR-3024 supplementation increased aphid mortality, but this effect was partially rescued by exogenous VB6. Through virus-induced gene silencing experiments and miR-3024 expression in transgenic tobacco, the safety of non-target organisms (pollinators, predators, and entomopathogenic fungi) was evaluated, and the possibility of using miR-3024 for sustainable aphid pest control strategies was evaluated.The supplementation of miR-3024 inhibits the expression of MRP4, limits the number of membrane channels, inhibits the trafficking of VB6, and eventually leads to the death of the host.Under the stress conditions faced by aphids, the number of endosymbionts was reduced and the production of VB6 was also down-regulated, while the inhibition of miR-3024 by aphids themselves enhanced the expression of MRP4, thereby increasing the transport of VB6 and finally ensuring the homeostasis of VB6.The results confirm that miR-3024 regulates nutrient transport in endosymbionts and host systems and is a suitable target for sustainable pest control.

 

Endosymbionts provide the host with essential nutrients including amino acids and B vitamins (VBs), which are essential for host growth and development. VBs, as water-soluble organic molecules, act as cofactors or coenzymes of enzymes and play a key role in the sustained growth and survival of insects. Although most plants, fungi, and microorganisms are capable of synthesizing VBs, insects rely primarily on their diet or endosymbionts for these nutrients because they cannot synthesize these molecules on their own.

microRNA(miRNAs) play an important role in post-transcriptional regulation of insect growth, development, insecticide resistance and interspecific interactions. For example, miRNAs novel-m0780-5p regulate PanBC and coordinate with endosymbionts to regulate the synthesis of VB5, thereby affecting the survival and reproductive capacity of whiteflies.High-throughput sequencing showed that among aphid-specific miRNAs, miR-3024 showed significantly higher expression levels in bacteria of peach aphid (Myzus persicae) and pea aphid (A. pisum) than in the gut, suggesting that miR-3024 may play an important role in endosymbiont-host interactions.miR-3024 precursors and mature sequences have been found in other aphid species, such as the valley bird cherry aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi), the citrus brown aphid (Aphis citricidus), the valley aphid (Schizaphis graminum) and the yellow sugarcane aphid (Sipha flava). However, miR-3024 target genes have not been clearly identified.

In the study, the researchers selected the most destructive aphid pests ( M. Perice) and pattern aphids ( A. pisum), to elucidate the role of aphid-specific miR-3024 in the transport of nutrients from endosymbionts to the host and their potential in aphid pest control. The findings suggest that miR-3024 targets multidrug resistance-associated protein 4(MRP4), thereby maintaining the transport homeostasis of VB6 and ultimately affecting aphid survival. These findings provide important insights for miRNAs as regulatory mediators of endosymbiont-host interactions and identify potential targets in pest control strategies for reducing pest populations without adversely affecting beneficial insects.

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