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A new generation of special optical fiber suitable for the application of quantum technology

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Recently, physicists from the University of Bath in the United Kingdom have developed a new generation of special optical fibers to meet the challenges of data transmission in the future quantum computing era. The results are expected to promote the expansion of large-scale quantum networks. The research results are published in the new issue of Applied Physics Letters-Quantum.

Quantum technology is highly anticipated because it can enable people to solve complex logical problems and develop new drugs with unprecedented computing power. At the same time, quantum technology can also bring people more secure communication by providing unbreakable encryption technology. However, due to the solid core of optical fiber, today's wired networks that transmit information around the world are not suitable for future quantum communication.

Bright light is conducted through newly designed fiber optics

The wavelength of light transmitted by conventional optical fibers is determined by the loss of quartz glass. These wavelengths are incompatible with the operating wavelengths of single-photon sources, qubits, and active optical components required for optical quantum technology. Therefore, researchers must develop different support devices than today to ensure that they will work in future quantum networks.

Researchers at the University of Bath analyzed the challenges associated with the quantum internet from a fiber-optic technology perspective and proposed a range of solutions to achieve robust, large-scale quantum network scalability, including fiber for long-distance communication and specialty fibers that allow quantum repeaters. Newly manufactured specialty optical fibers differ from standard telecommunications fibers in that they have a microstructured core consisting of a complex pattern of air pockets distributed along the entire length of the fiber. These patterns allow one to manipulate the properties of light inside the fiber, create pairs of entangled photons, change the color of photons, and even capture individual atoms inside the fiber.

The research team said that special optical fibers can realize quantum computing at the node itself by acting as entangled single-photon sources, quantum wavelength converters, low-loss switches or quantum memory containers. At the same time, special optical fiber can be directly integrated into the network, greatly extending the running distance.

The new optical fiber can also generate more peculiar optical quantum states, which can be used in quantum computing, precision sensing and information encryption, which also lays the foundation for the large-scale application of quantum computers in the future.

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